TÝR Markets AS publishes information on the principal adverse impacts on the climate and the environment of the consensus mechanism used by each crypto-asset we provide services for. This is required by Article 66(5) of the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 (MiCA), and the format follows Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/422.
It is the way a blockchain network agrees on which transactions are valid. The mechanism determines how much electricity the network uses.
| # | Crypto-asset | Mechanism | Electricity per year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bitcoin (BTC) | Proof of Work | 184 TWh |
| 2 | Ethereum (ETH) | Proof of Stake | 2.2 GWh |
| 3 | Hyperliquid (HYPE) | Proof of Stake | 67 MWh |
| 4 | Avalanche (AVAX) | Proof of Stake | 0.80 GWh |
| 5 | Cardano (ADA) | Proof of Stake | 0.77 GWh |
| 6 | XRP | XRP Ledger Consensus Protocol (FBA) | 0.46 GWh |
| 7 | Solana (SOL) | Proof of Stake | 6.8 GWh |
| 8 | BNB | Proof of Stake | 90 MWh |
All figures are third-party estimates. Details and methodology are given for each crypto-asset below. This information is updated when the underlying data changes materially.
Report date: 2026-10-23
Bitcoin uses Proof of Work (PoW). The network uses about 184 TWh of electricity per year.
| Field | Indicator | Value |
|---|---|---|
| S.1 | Name | TÝR Markets AS |
| S.2 | Legal entity identifier (LEI) | 984500678DAPX7H3BC86 |
| S.3 | Crypto-asset | Bitcoin (BTC) |
| S.6 | Period start | 2025-04-06 |
| S.7 | Period end | 2026-04-06 |
| S.8 | Energy consumption | 184,013,033,448 kWh/year |
| S.10 | Renewable energy consumption | 34.48% |
| S.11 | Energy intensity | 2.14131 kWh per transaction |
| S.12 | Scope 1 DLT GHG emissions (controlled) | 0 tCO2e/year |
| S.13 | Scope 2 DLT GHG emissions (purchased) | 75,812,645 tCO2e/year |
| S.14 | GHG intensity | 0.88221 kg CO2e per transaction |
Miners compete to find a value that, combined with the block data, produces a SHA-256 hash below a target. The difficulty adjusts so that a new block is produced roughly every ten minutes. The network follows the chain with the most accumulated work.
Miners receive a block reward in newly issued bitcoin. The reward halves roughly every four years, and total supply is capped at 21 million. Users also pay transaction fees, set by demand for space in blocks.
Ethereum uses Proof of Stake (PoS). The network uses about 2.2 GWh of electricity per year.
| Field | Indicator | Value |
|---|---|---|
| S.1 | Name | TÝR Markets AS |
| S.2 | Legal entity identifier (LEI) | 984500678DAPX7H3BC86 |
| S.3 | Crypto-asset | Ethereum (ETH) |
| S.6 | Period start | 2025-04-06 |
| S.7 | Period end | 2026-04-06 |
| S.8 | Energy consumption | 2,159,953 kWh/year |
| S.10 | Renewable energy consumption | 37.91% |
| S.11 | Energy intensity | 0.00006 kWh per transaction |
| S.12 | Scope 1 DLT GHG emissions (controlled) | 0 tCO2e/year |
| S.13 | Scope 2 DLT GHG emissions (purchased) | 719 tCO2e/year |
| S.14 | GHG intensity | 0.00002 kg CO2e per transaction |
Validators stake at least 32 ETH and are randomly selected to propose blocks, which the other validators attest to. A new block is proposed every 12 seconds, and blocks are finalised after about 12.8 minutes. Ethereum moved from Proof of Work to Proof of Stake in 2022.
Validators receive rewards in newly issued ETH and transaction fees. Each fee consists of a base fee, which is burned, and an optional priority tip to the validator. Validators that act maliciously or are inactive can lose part of their stake.
Hyperliquid uses HyperBFT, a form of Proof of Stake (PoS). The network uses about 67 MWh of electricity per year.
| Field | Indicator | Value |
|---|---|---|
| S.1 | Name | TÝR Markets AS |
| S.2 | Legal entity identifier (LEI) | 984500678DAPX7H3BC86 |
| S.3 | Crypto-asset | Hyperliquid (HYPE) |
| S.6 | Period start | 2025-08-12 |
| S.7 | Period end | 2026-08-12 |
| S.8 | Energy consumption | 67,014 kWh/year |
Fields S.10–S.16 are not required because energy consumption is below 500,000 kWh per year, and are not included.
HyperBFT is inspired by the HotStuff protocol and built for high-frequency trading. A limited set of validators proposes and confirms blocks.
Validators must self-stake at least 10,000 HYPE. Token holders can delegate HYPE to validators and receive a share of the rewards, which are paid in HYPE.
Avalanche uses Avalanche Consensus, a form of Proof of Stake (PoS). The network uses about 0.80 GWh of electricity per year.
| Field | Indicator | Value |
|---|---|---|
| S.1 | Name | TÝR Markets AS |
| S.2 | Legal entity identifier (LEI) | 984500678DAPX7H3BC86 |
| S.3 | Crypto-asset | Avalanche (AVAX) |
| S.6 | Period start | 2025-04-06 |
| S.7 | Period end | 2026-04-06 |
| S.8 | Energy consumption | 804,756 kWh/year |
| S.10 | Renewable energy consumption | 36.32% |
| S.11 | Energy intensity | 0.00003 kWh per transaction |
| S.12 | Scope 1 DLT GHG emissions (controlled) | 0 tCO2e/year |
| S.13 | Scope 2 DLT GHG emissions (purchased) | 302 tCO2e/year |
| S.14 | GHG intensity | 0.00001 kg CO2e per transaction |
Each validator repeatedly polls a small, random sample of other validators about which transaction they prefer. Once enough responses agree, the transaction is considered final.
Validators must stake AVAX and receive rewards from newly issued AVAX and a share of transaction fees. Token holders can delegate to validators. Stake is not slashed for misbehaviour; instead, validators that are offline or act maliciously lose future rewards. Part of the fees is burned.
Cardano uses Ouroboros, a form of Proof of Stake (PoS). The network uses about 0.77 GWh of electricity per year.
| Field | Indicator | Value |
|---|---|---|
| S.1 | Name | TÝR Markets AS |
| S.2 | Legal entity identifier (LEI) | 984500678DAPX7H3BC86 |
| S.3 | Crypto-asset | Cardano (ADA) |
| S.6 | Period start | 2025-04-06 |
| S.7 | Period end | 2026-04-06 |
| S.8 | Energy consumption | 773,946 kWh/year |
| S.10 | Renewable energy consumption | 37.42% |
| S.11 | Energy intensity | 0.00110 kWh per transaction |
| S.12 | Scope 1 DLT GHG emissions (controlled) | 0 tCO2e/year |
| S.13 | Scope 2 DLT GHG emissions (purchased) | 261 tCO2e/year |
| S.14 | GHG intensity | 0.00037 kg CO2e per transaction |
Time is divided into epochs and slots. For each slot, a block producer is selected at random, weighted by the amount of ADA staked. ADA holders can delegate to stake pools without running their own node.
Block producers receive rewards in newly issued ADA and transaction fees. ADA holders who delegate to a stake pool receive a share of the rewards after the pool's fees. The transaction fee is a fixed amount plus an amount per byte, currently about 0.155381 ADA + 0.000043946 ADA per byte.
The XRP Ledger uses the XRP Ledger Consensus Protocol (FBA), a federated consensus mechanism without mining or staking. The network uses about 0.46 GWh of electricity per year.
| Field | Indicator | Value |
|---|---|---|
| S.1 | Name | TÝR Markets AS |
| S.2 | Legal entity identifier (LEI) | 984500678DAPX7H3BC86 |
| S.3 | Crypto-asset | XRP |
| S.6 | Period start | 2025-04-06 |
| S.7 | Period end | 2026-04-06 |
| S.8 | Energy consumption | 456,274 kWh/year |
Fields S.10–S.16 are not required because energy consumption is below 500,000 kWh per year, and are not included.
The XRP Ledger Consensus Protocol is a Federated Byzantine Agreement (FBA). Each node keeps a list of validators it trusts (its Unique Node List), and transactions are confirmed once 80% of them agree.
Validators receive no direct reward. They are run by parties that benefit from a stable network. Each transaction carries a small fee in XRP, which is burned to prevent spam.
Solana uses Proof of Stake (PoS) combined with Proof of History. The network uses about 6.8 GWh of electricity per year.
| Field | Indicator | Value |
|---|---|---|
| S.1 | Name | TÝR Markets AS |
| S.2 | Legal entity identifier (LEI) | 984500678DAPX7H3BC86 |
| S.3 | Crypto-asset | Solana (SOL) |
| S.6 | Period start | 2025-04-06 |
| S.7 | Period end | 2026-04-06 |
| S.8 | Energy consumption | 6,843,750 kWh/year |
| S.10 | Renewable energy consumption | 38.58% |
| S.11 | Energy intensity | 0.00000 kWh per transaction |
| S.12 | Scope 1 DLT GHG emissions (controlled) | 0 tCO2e/year |
| S.13 | Scope 2 DLT GHG emissions (purchased) | 2,319 tCO2e/year |
| S.14 | GHG intensity | 0.00000 kg CO2e per transaction |
Proof of History timestamps transactions with a cryptographic clock, so their order can be verified. A leader is selected by stake and assembles the block, which the other validators confirm.
Validators must stake SOL and receive block rewards in SOL and transaction fees. Token holders can delegate SOL to validators and receive a share of the rewards. Validators that act maliciously can lose part of their stake. Storing data on-chain also incurs rent.
BNB Smart Chain uses Proof of Staked Authority, a form of Proof of Stake (PoS). The network uses about 90 MWh of electricity per year.
| Field | Indicator | Value |
|---|---|---|
| S.1 | Name | TÝR Markets AS |
| S.2 | Legal entity identifier (LEI) | 984500678DAPX7H3BC86 |
| S.3 | Crypto-asset | BNB |
| S.6 | Period start | 2025-08-12 |
| S.7 | Period end | 2026-08-12 |
| S.8 | Energy consumption | 90,228 kWh/year |
Fields S.10–S.16 are not required because energy consumption is below 500,000 kWh per year, and are not included.
Proof of Staked Authority combines delegated Proof of Stake and Proof of Authority. 21 active validators are elected by staked BNB and delegator votes, and take turns producing blocks roughly every three seconds.
Validators must stake BNB and receive transaction fees and block rewards, which are shared with delegators. Validators that act maliciously can lose part of their stake.